B.Ed., University of Juba (Sudan) 1986); Postgraduate Diploma in Library and Information Studies, Newcastle Upon-Tyne Polytechnic (England) 1990; M.A., Memphis State University, Memphis, TN., 1992; Ph.D., University of California, Santa Barbara, CA., 1999 My major field of study is African History, but I am a specialist in Twentieth Century History of the Sudan. I am an expert on the first civil war in the Sudan. I was an actor in an African-American Play entitled "Just Us" in the Winter of 1995. The production has aired more than 50 times in Santa Barbara's local TV station.

I was a British Council Scholar at Newcastle Upon-Tyne Polytechnic (1989-1990; a Research Assistant at Memphis State University, Memphis (1990-1993);awards at the University of California, Santa Barbara include the Humanities and Social Science Research Grant, the Graduate Research Mentorship Program Award, Archival and Research Grants, Graduate Division Dissertation Fellowship, the Interdisciplinary Humanities Center Predoctoral Fellowship and the Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation Dissertation Fellowship (1996-1999).

My research work and publications include "The Pattern of Azande Resistance to the British Rule in the Southern Sudan, 1898-1914" [M.A. Thesis, 1992]; "War and Conflict in the Southern Sudan, 1955-1972" [Ph.D. Dissertation, April 1999]; "Zande Resistance to Foreign Penetration in the Southern Sudan, 1860-1890" in The White Nile Black Blood (Boulder: Red Sea Press, Inc.,Winter 2000); and "Kuku Religious Experiences Since the Expulsion of the Foreign Chrsistian Missionaries from the Sudan in 1964" Gray, Richard (ed.), Religion and Conflict in the Sudan, 1964-1999 (Publisher to be determined).